Justice
Criminal Law & Justice System
Core criminal law, procedural law, and evidence law across both the legacy framework and the new 2023 criminal law regime.
7 laws in this module
Laws in this module
Indian Penal Code, 1860
Replaced by Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. Effective from 1 July 2024.
The IPC was India's principal substantive criminal code for more than 160 years.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Replaces Indian Penal Code, 1860. Effective from 1 July 2024.
The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 is the new principal substantive criminal law replacing the IPC prospectively from 1 July 2024.
Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973
Replaced by Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. Effective from 1 July 2024.
The CrPC was the principal procedural law for investigation, arrest, bail, trial and appeals in criminal cases.
Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023
Replaces Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. Effective from 1 July 2024.
The BNSS is the current principal procedural law for criminal cases in India, replacing the CrPC prospectively from 1 July 2024.
Indian Evidence Act, 1872
Replaced by Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. Effective from 1 July 2024.
The Indian Evidence Act governed what facts may be proved in court and how proof works.
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
Replaces Indian Evidence Act, 1872. Effective from 1 July 2024.
The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 is the current principal evidence law for judicial proceedings in India.
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985
The NDPS Act is India's principal law regulating narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.